[MUSIC] Okay, hello everyone, as I announced, so we have the recording team today, so just relax, a normal class, okay? And so today Val will take your attendance at exactly 1:00 PM, and then I'm going to be here around 1;05, okay? And so if you need any toilet break, then maybe just right after the taking the attendance you may have really one or two minute short break, okay? The today's agenda is we going to have you have the chance to present what you have found yesterday and we going to move to the new subject, which one is POS, part of speech. So if you have really good grammar knowledge already, then maybe you just need to relax and enjoy. But if you're not familiar with those kind of terminologies, then this will be the great chance for you to understand all the part of speech. So that will be helpful for your future research, okay? So what we can do is each group the first step just we will watch the videos together, right? Yeah, only so this group until six minutes, okay? So we going to watch the videos and then while other people, other groups, because this group is expert about that analysis, however, other groups, this is your first time to watch the video, right? So please take a look and also think about that, what kind of spoken features you can find, and what would be the purpose as well, okay? So let's take turns and once we finish your presentation, then we will move to the part of speech, so that's today's agenda. Okay, so which each group going to go first? Really? >> [LAUGH] >> Group one is recommended, so- >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Okay, great, so please come to stage. >> So this video is from a talk show with Jimmy Kimmel, and it's called True Confessions. So he has two famous people in the studio with him and they have two confessions with them each, one is true and the other one is fake. So they're going to read a confession and then the other two have 45 seconds to interview the person, trying to figure out whether the story that was told or the confession that was told was true or fake. And it's, yeah, Chris Hemsworth and Kumail Nanjiani, that's the two famous people in this one. So this was the video that the group and I were analyzing, and we found five spoken English features with a few examples of each. So the first one that we found was the discourse markers. We have an example where they're asking him was this really your first job and he says first job, yeah. So he's explaining or confirming what has just been said to appeal to Jimmy, who asked the question that he was understanding it correctly, this was, in fact, his first job. And then another one of the discourse markers is a sentence where he's like, was this for human breasts or animal breasts? And then this in the sentence is used to clarify that now they are actually trying to understand it a little bit better. The is a revelation like, now I think I get it a bit more, and he's using that to show Chris that he thinks he's on the right path. Feature two is repetition, here it's the sentence, any pump, you know, there's, there's, there's a motor with, with a belt, like rubber belt. And here he's using the there as a time to gather his thoughts to figure out what's the rest of the sentence is going to be. And it's also his way of letting know that the listeners are still within the conversation so they have time to reach the same conclusion as the end of the sentence will be. And then another example of repetition is Jimmy Kimmel that says how cool would that be, how cool would that be? So he's using this repetition of the entire phrase in order to emphasize that it would have been really cool if the story that was, in fact, not true would have happened. The third feature that we found was clause combining. This is when they're trying to tell the whole story about what's happened. And the first example is I feel like it's true because he wasn't sure of the year and he was trying to make us think that he was lying, but it's really the truth. So he's explaining his reasoning, and then when he does it, he's combining the clauses using, as we've underlined, the and, and the but down here. And another example of that was Kumail when he's trying to explain the story that happened he says, and I was staying at her house and she was like, it's fine, I'll show you one, what's the worst that can happen? And then I tried to murder her and, again, he's using the ands to combine the clauses to make a coherent story of the event that happened. Yeah, the fourth feature we found was the general extender. We have one example of this, Jimmy saying, he's explaining a dialogue he had in the past and he says, he said, hey, Jimmy, quick, get in my car or something like that. So he's telling the audience that it's not necessarily that important, the exact phrase that was being told. But he's using this general extender to clarify to the listeners that it was something within this range of phrases. Yeah, so he tries to share the plausible details of the situation and there's no need to be explicit in this exact situation. And the fifth feature we found were hedges. There's a point where Jimmy Kimmel is saying, I'd say it's early 2000s maybe 2002. So this early 2000s is just his way of conjugating the years because he's not quite sure what year exactly it was. So, He uses a vague statement, but it's not that necessarily that important the exact year but the period of time. And it's again like referring to when the events happened in Kumail story. He's saying, I was maybe around 10 or 12 years old. So he doesn't know exactly but he uses maybe and around. And then he comes with some examples so that the listener knows in which period of his life this approximately took place. Yeah, that was the five features we found from the interview. >> Well, yeah, this is really amazing work. Thank you very much. I just want to point out one thing. So you guys mentioned that the discourse marker, right? So here, Yes, here are the that one is also another function is that, that speaker, he wanted to say something, right, as, right, so that other people just like keep stopping, like stop talking, right? And then the other person can jump into the conversation. So that one is another function of the discourse marker, okay? And also the clause combining, It's really long one sentence. Right? So this case, they had a very limited amount of time, right? So, how many minutes? >> 45. >> And they had 45 seconds. >> Only 45 seconds, right? Yes, so he, each person had only 45 seconds, right? So he tried to give like much information as possible. So that's why clause, clause, clause just putting together as one single sentence, okay? All right, let's give a big round of applause one more time. [APPLAUSE] >> [APPLAUSE] >> Thank you very much. >> So we also chose an interview. And the one we chose was an interview of some foreigners living in Korea and what they thought about Korea. And they also got a question about how they feel about racism in Korea. What is their experience with that? So let's have a look. So we also find a few features of this video. And the first one comes very quickly. And that is the guys talking about what he thinks of Korean and he says, it's so incredible, it's been really good. So he uses both a word so and really in order to boost his feelings about what you think of Korea, in order to make it, yeah, I really like it, it's really good. So in order to boost what he really means about it. [COUGH] Then we have some discourse markers later when the girls that you heard talks about the racism stuff says, yeah, well, I guess it's the reason why, the one of the reasons why. So she actually used in order to say, I think it's that but I'm not pretty sure. So she says, well, I think that could be the reason. Then we also have two examples of non-fluency features. We have a repetition from the guy saying that it has been the other way around for him. He's like, it's been, it's being. So he actually uses repetition in order to find the word he's going to say. He's like he's looking for the right words to say what he actually think about this subject and what is the reply for this and so he just got. We also have a false start about the same question. That was one of the girls saying, I think there, and then she stops with a small pause, and like rethink what she wants to say, and then start over again with, there's not a lot of foreigners here. So she starts a sentence but regretted what she's going to say and start over again. Then we also have the girls talking about the shopping stores. And she uses this relation between the employees in this job and you as the guest in the shop. So she's using the employees as they and you as a guest in order to create this relationship between the shop and the person in the shop. And last thing is that the girl with the red hair jokes about again the shop. Yeah, and she says, yeah, they will follow you around and see what your touches and move it, and it's better than an odd thing. So you can actually also see at her expression that the way she's saying it in a slowness. She's like, yeah, I think it's strange but that might just be normal in here. So therefore she says, it's bit of an odd thing in order to put the statement a bit weaker. So it's not going to be like, yeah, it's odd, you are wrong here. But it's like, in my opinion, it is odd. So therefore, she uses the bit of an odd thing. So that was the features we found in this video among a lot of features but we picked out a few. >> Well, I was very surprised about two things. First, like Koreans smiling all the time. Well, [LAUGH] Yeah, when I came back from the US, the most interesting thing is that Koreans, they don't have any facial expression at all. And so I was pretty shocked. And the second thing is that the clerk, actually any clerk, yeah, did that to me as well. Like they, because it's their job, right? They clean everything, so I don't think that one is some kind of biased over racism, something like that. The one interesting thing that you haven't pointed out yet is, do you guys remember, so like straighten his hair like Spanish it hair. Then, okay like her reaction, right? >> Yeah. >> So what kind of spoken feature that we can identify? Okay, discourse marker, right? So what will be the function? Do you really think that she agreed? >> No, is to avoid the awkward situation like, yeah, okay, I didn't straighten my hair might be wrong, so like to avoid the awkward silence. [LAUGH] >> Right, exactly, so she was pretty embarrassed, right? Yeah, but also at the same time, she didn't want to just make it so awkward, right? Yeah, so that one was her intention, okay? All right, very good, let's give a big round of applause to group two. [APPLAUSE] >> [APPLAUSE] >> Okay, so we are from group three, and our video is actually basically about this interview. Actually, it's so similar with the rest of the other groups interview with Maze Runner actors that actually came to Korea to introduce the Maze Runner movie. So they're actually having a breakfast that includes some Korean BBQ as well as soju. Yeah I said watch the video. I hope you're not getting a bit too hungry right now. >> [LAUGH] >> So the first feature that we found in the video itself is actually General Extenders, which was as they excerpt says, just seeing like how I stand in the light and all this kind of stuff through YouTube. So the speaker used this General Extenders and all this kind of stuff here, as he is speaking to someone who does YouTube shows so they probably share common interests and knowledge about YouTube and they do not actually have to deliberately specify everything and it's way of like summarizing what YouTube is in a very short time. So the second feature that we'll actually find out, there's actually two examples of it, which is Non-Fluency features, which one of the first excerpt is, my thing is I umm, when I started acting I didn't really get a lot of opportunities. So the speaker uses umm while speaking, to actually think carefully before he speaks. It's something like a speech filler and shows that a speaker is thinking hard and might be able to share personal anecdotes, which he might be uncomfortable speaking about. And then there will be the second example, which is actually Grill it! Grill it! Grill it hard! So the speaker actually repeatsd this phrase Grill it three times in just one sentence. So the idea is to have the effect of emphasizing and pointing out, and highlighting that one action which is to grill the meat. And for the third feature actually we found the Disclosure markers, which is the excerpt says, so we were doing a little bit of background research on you guys before the interview. At the start of the sentence the word so marks the beginning of the new part of a conversation. So this allows the speaker to set a context and for the listener to be aware of it. And for the four feature, we actually found a Clause combining feature, which as the excerpt says, Yeah, and they've been doing it before YouTube even existed, so I was lucky enough to be like casted in some of their shots and I really got my exposure and also like a lot of practice just being on set, just seeing how I stand in the light and all this kind of stuff through YouTube. So the function of it is that the speaker used and and so between the clauses to connect the sentence smoothly while delivering his experiences as an actor on YouTube. And the fifth feature we actually found is actually a Backchannel which was actually in hold and she's saying, right, just after the speaker finish speaking about seeing him on YouTube before. This effects to show that Mihau is actually listening to the speaker and acknowledging that the speaker is speaking to him without actually like using full and complete sentences. So the last feature we actually found is Intensifier, which as the excerpt says, so I do know, it's very nice. The speaker uses very to emphasize that heating his Korean food is nice. So I think that's the end of it. >> I am very amazed by you guys have found really good video clips, and actually you found all the video clips so far with subtitles. So yeah, you actually easily get the script itself. So I'm sure that your future research will be also great. Here, the video clip- [LAUGH] Yeah, I'm sure, okay. Here are the video clip, the interesting thing is that you might notice that there are so many times saying, yeah, right? So the first time they are talking about like whether they ate breakfast or not, right? Yeah. So then the interviewer said, yeah, right? So what will be the function of that discourse marker? Right, yeah, he is listening, right, yeah, so you're saying that you didn't eat breakfast, right? Yeah, so, yeah, I'm listening. Right so that one is a function. Right. But the other time they drank soju right, a cup of soju and then they said this is so cool, so delicious, awesome. Yeah. Yeah, right? So then what's the discourse markers function? >> To agree. >> Agree right, yeah, to agree with that. So you can say that again, instead of the long word, you just say, yeah, so that one is short, but still this agreement. Okay, still agreement. Good, okay. All right, so one question, let's give them a big round of applause. >> [APPLAUSE] >> Very good job. >> Our video is about interview with the cast of sitcom The Big Bang Theory, very famous sitcom, after the taking the last finale of the total sitcom in The Late Show. We found a lot of spoken Language features, but we summarized seven of them. So first one is the back channels or when I say Simon said we went to Mexico City and Jim is saying yeah like Jim is saying yeah because he is showing that he is listening to him. And also he also he's thinking about what happened in The Mexico City. And the second feature is the clause combining. So Kelly said I think when we ended the scene in the living room as a group and we all were going to dart of and go out go do our thing. And we all of a sudden go look at each other and we go go. That's our last group scene and we all just came in for this big hug and like very long sentence. So Kelly talks about their last day of filming as a group on the set. And she's describing the emotional attachment of each other that they had to each other in the film set. The use of and describes the story and the link of each action to the following action. Third feature is Non-fluency feature. Kelly was talking about the last scenes and her last sentence was it was weird and she was looking back the mood of the last studio and she used non-fluency feature to express her emotion when she was there. And the fourth feature is the conversational historical present. When the interviewer asked what were your first impressions of each other and the canal said everyone is very good-looking and the word good-looking was used ambiguously like his first impressions were good-looking. Or now they are good-looking. The fifth feature is the disclosure markers. Kelly said well, I just turned 21 when we started the show and it was used to mark that I'm trying to start to speak and it has no special meaning it by myself. And Jim said yeah, we all got in the plane and said sure it's just great. So prior to this, Simon was discussing about the topic about armed guards in Mexico City and Jim was reminded of the story as well. He injected his position after Simon was done with his son sentence by saying yeah. And the sixth feature is intensifier. When Steven asks, like how was the last day of filming like after 20 years to 12 years together and Kelly says very bizarre even driving into work. So the word very is used as an intensifier and when the interviewer asked about how it was done in the last year and Jim said it was so beautifully done. So beautifully is used as an intensifier. So emphasis on how strong the feeling it was with the use of bizzare and how lovely the yearbook was. The use of very and so makes the audience have a stronger feeling about that. And the last feature sorry about the typo. The last feature is the hedges, Kelly says it was almost like the last day of school in a weird way. So almost like it's used as hedge and when cannot says that's when I started to sort of fill it the solo is used as hedge. So almost and sorrow is a vague expression which makes sentence fuzzy. For the first sentence, Kelly uses almost to make her word less factual because she cannot describe the day actually but give the audience a direct image of the day based on the similarity between the last filming day and the last day of school. The sorrow in the second sentence represent filling attitude of colonel towards the thing the vague expression is aimed at expressing the feeling of colonel accurately. So this is the end of our presentation. Thank you. This group actually reminds me of the one of the funny story. Go back to my PhD, I took the data and grammar class taught by my supervisor and we're going to talk about POS today. But one of our students he said that like even though Professor mention that that word is an adjective, but he said that like I have a question. Well, I think you know this word. You know, like I think that was not an adjective that should be adverb, you know, and like, you know, you know, right so then my professor something he said that I don't know. Okay. [LAUGH] So what was the function of you know in that conversation or that excerpt? He wanted to keep going, right. Yeah, so nobody really likes to interrupt him, right as well. I'm going to keep going on going on going on because I'm thinking so like, you know, you know, it was a kind of filler and discourse marker, right? But because it was a like so often so my supervisor was annoyed. So he said like I don't know so think about that you guys find the really good video clips and analyzed really well. Okay, so maybe in the midterm exam, you may have some kind of. So you need to find some kind of spoken features as well. So whenever you have free time during this weekend, feel free to review. Okay, those kind of spoken features. Okay, any question? If you don't have any question that let's move to the POS briefly.
