Next we will be looking at something called Basemap. Basemap is a library for plotting maps in Python. It handles projections and it can plot user-specified data and it uses Matplotlib in the background. It gathers and clips the datasets to draw on the background. We have couple cells below which tell you how you can import Basemap and Matplotlib and how to instantiate one such instance. For example, we have import matplotlib.pyplot as plot so what does that mean is, we are importing that library and we can refer to that as plt going forward. Similarly we are importing the patches library, we are importing the Basemap library which is mpl_ toolkit.basemap, and we call it Basemap, and so from now on we can refer to it as a Basemap. Lastly I guess, how do we instantiate a Basemap? We have Basemap is equal to Basemap width of the thing height of the thing, the projection we want to use, the resolution we want to use, and some of the other parameters which we want to set in order to define a Basemap. For example, if the Basemap we defined we set a width height, in this case the width and height are define based in meters because that's what the projection system is. That is like 7,000 kilometers by 5,000 kilometers with the projection system LCC, followed by the resolution. In this case I wanted a low resolution picture with certain parameters for latitude one, latitude two, latitude zero and longitude, which basically defines the size of the map end and what has being used by the projection system. Then the second line says Basemap, bmap.coastline, which basically adds a coastline to that map. It fills the map with light blue color, which is basically the coloring the oceans. Now you have the fill continents, and it is coloring with the continent with light green and the lake colors with light blue, so that's what the map you get after you run these four lines of quotes. Essentially you are defining a Basemap, with certain width and certain height and certain projections and giving some parameters for projection, also then you are drawing a coastline and setting the colors for the coastline and the continent, so that's a very simple way of creating a map. You can also create other style options in Basemap for example you can use the blue marble, so you can create a very simple basemap with projection system Robinson projection system, and specifying the latitude zero that you want to focus on like longitude this map is essentially showing that. The second line will say bmap.bluemarble which basically creates that and displays that map since we did not have any other parameter this is going to show you the whole world map. Similarly, a third example there for the topographic map, Global Relief map ,here we're specifying again the height, the width, the projection system which is the Lambert conical projection system, followed by resolutions and other parameters and you are displaying Assessor topo map. We will look at some of the projections options available in Basemap. Basemap handles different projection system with a projection parameter in the basic basemap. It is fairly easy in the basemap to draw parallels, meridians and things like that. We have seen example of Lambert Conformal projection system which is the LCC, and the Miller projection system. Let us see a simple example of using this mill map to draw something in Lambert projection system. You have this basemap, you are defining width, height, the projection system, which is LCC, in this case Lambert Conformal projections, then you draw a coastline, you draw boundaries, you are giving them colors, and then you are. In this case now we want to draw parallels, so for parallels we are defining a range, so from 20 degree to 60 degree, and we want them to be increased by 10 at a time, so 20,30,40,50 and if needed 60 might be displayed. Then that's the parallel so and then when I say m.drawparallels, parallels that will draw the parallels. The labels here, we'll say where do you want these labels to appear? Then I say true, true, false, false, or you can say one, one, one, zero, zero, it will appear on this left side of the map and the right side of the map, but the parallels will not appear on the top and the bottom. For example, if we assigned all of them to be true, you will see parallels values here as well, 60, 60, so that might make the map a little bit messy, so we did not want parallels to appear on the top. Similarly, we are defining meridians in this case in degrees, so it goes from 220 to 350, which is the west side so we go from 70 west to 140 west. Here I want to display only the meridians on the bottom, if you also display on the top, you see they are converging on the top, and so we will have quite a bit of overlap of text on top. I did not want to show them on top, and that's why we have false, false, false, and true for the border, so left, right, top and bottom. Let's take another example, how we will do mapping. We are mapping the daylight here using Miller projection system. We are defining here a basemap, it has in the Basemap projection as mill which is the Miller projection system, and we want it to be centered around the longitude zero, the prime meridian. Then we're drawing coastlines like we saw we are drawing the parallels and meridians like we saw earlier, so in this case we are drawing parallels and meridians when here only on the left and the bottom parallels on the left, and meridians on the bottom, and we are going from minus 90 to plus 90, and minus 180 to 180, and we're showing the labels one will be left and zero, zero, zero means don't display the parallels on any of the other axis and meridians displayed only in the board. That's followed by filling that boundary and filling the continents. Lastly, we are getting the current date and time we've imported day time from Python, and then we are seeing datetime.utcnow meaning what is the current day or current time. Then we are displaying it on the map, we're using something called night shade, so this will show the time of day everywhere, the night shade everywhere, and then the alphabet show how much transparency you want to see between the day and night so you can see the background map. If you make Alpha is equal to one, it will be completely black on the dark side and you will not be able to see anything. Similarly Alpha zero, you will not be able to see any difference it will be completely white. Lastly, we are setting the title of the plot, we're just saying day time map for and then we are setting the UTC. That's what you see in the map, you can see day time, map for this date number 7,2019 at that UTC. We'll see one other example of plotting with Basemap, in this case, we are plotting a great circle distance between New York City and London. The first few steps we're defining the Basemap like we did earlier, we are defining its size, we are drawing the coastlines et cetera, and filling the continent with colors, then we are getting the latitude and longitude for New York City and the latitude and longitude for London. Finally, we are drawing a great circle distance that says go from London to New York so that's a great circle distance which is strong, the color blue. Finally, we are also creating a scatter, meaning a small circle around each of these cities London and New York in the respective colors. Lastly, we are drawing the parallels, which is the latitudes and the meridians which is the longitude, then we are giving a title for the map calling it great circle from New York to London. That's the great circle distance which is being displayed, and then we are also printing a limit on the x-limit and y-limit and that's what you see on top here which gets printed. In addition to the map, you can also print data out in an [inaudible] environment on the Jupiter. Thank you.
