Now, let's look at the structure of the bell. At the top, you will see this sound pipe called "eumtong". and a dragon loop called "yongnyu". This yongnyu plays the role of the hook of the bell. And there is this small sound hole beside the sound pipe, eumtong. And the shoulder of the bell has these arabesque-patterned border. It's called "gyeondae". And there are four "yugwak." Yugwak is nipple borders, and there are four of them. And in each yugwak, there are nine lotus flower patterns. As you can see there. These are the lotus flower patterns. And there are inscriptions telling us when and why, how the bell was made, and who made it. So the inscription is there. And there are two "bicheon gongyangmun", celestial nymphs making an offering. Two pictures of them. There. And there is "dangjwa." This is the striking seat of the bell. And there are other patterns as you can see. Like this. Now, this is the Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok. And let's compare it with another bell, Sangwonsa Dongjong, which was actually made about 50 years before the Sacred Bell. So, the Sangwonsa Temple Bell looks like this. It's a little bit smaller. But its shape is more typical. A lot of Japanese temple bells resemble this Sangwonsa Temple Bell. As you can see. And let's look at the top part, the yongnyu and eumtong parts of the bell more closely. So, this is the upper part, the top part of the bell. This is beautiful as you can see. And this bamboo-shaped-like thing is eumtong. It has actually a hollow pipe into the hollow space of the bell. And this bamboo-shaped eumtong symbolizes "manpasikjeog" which means a flute that can calm 10,000 billows, bringing peace. So, it's about... There is about... There is a legend about this bamboo pipe which can bring peace to Silla. And so, this symbolizes that bamboo pipe. And this dragon, here, symbolizes Great King Munmu who unified Korea. And there is this another legend that King Munmu became a dragon in the East Sea, protecting Silla from foreign invasions. So, that part symbolizes King Munmu. Also it plays the role of the hook of the bell as you can see. This is another picture of eumtong and yongnyu. It's beautiful. And a bar is inserted into this area. And it's held into the ceiling of the bell tower. But that bar was lost. In the 1980s actually, we made several attempts to replicate the bronze bar which can hold this 19 ton of bronze, but we couldn't. So currently, we are using an iron bar to hold this bell as we will see later. And this is the upper support part. So, this whole thing is the upper part. And there is this yugwak, breast circumference, and nipples are there. The pattern is after lotus, one of the famous Buddhist symbols. And this is bicheon, flying celestial nymphs making an offering. So, she's just sitting there, trying to offer something. And there are two bicheon inscriptions on the bell. And this is dangjwa, the striking seat. For western bells, there is this clapper which strikes the bell body to make sound. But for these temple bells, we use dangmok, heavy wooden hammer, to strike this dangjwa point to make sound. So, this is the point where the dangjwa gets hit by dangmok. And there's this inscription. So, in this inscription, there's explanation about when this bell was made, who made it, and why they made the bell, and things like that. One interesting thing about this inscription is that there are names of engineers who made the bell. And here, as we can see, there is this name of the master bellmaker, Park Jongil. This means that engineers were respected in ancient Silla.
